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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 1:54 am
Time: 1:54 am
Results for computer crimes (north carolina)
1 results foundAuthor: North Carolina Governor's Crime Commission, Criminal Justice Analysis Center Title: Computer Crime in North Carolina: Assessing the Needs of Local Law Enforcement Summary: Crimes with a cyber component once included acts such as hacking, financial fraud, theft of intellectual property and so on. Recently, crimes of this nature have evolved as citizens become more technology-savvy and gain easier access to computers. Many would agree that without proper investigative training and tools, successful prosecution of these crimes can never occur. While the primary purpose of this exploratory study is to assess investigative needs of law enforcement, the study also seeks to examine the prevalence of computer crime in North Carolina along with current procedures and activities surrounding it. An 18-item questionnaire was developed to measure the impact of cyber crime on investigations and to determine both the strengths and weaknesses of law enforcement in dealing with crimes containing a cyber component. Part one focused on the number and types of cyber crimes experienced while part two pertained specifically to computer-mediated crime. Open-ended questions throughout the survey provided respondents with the opportunity to suggest additional training initiatives and share additional comments on what steps can be taken to lessen the extent of crimes with a cyber component. Two distinct survey samples from police departments and sheriffs’ offices were randomly selected to receive a survey by mail. Samples excluded airport, college/university, hospital and state agencies. A total of 80 surveys were distributed to sheriffs’ offices and a total of 183 surveys were sent to police departments. This comprised 80 percent of all sheriffs’ offices and almost 53 percent of the total number of local police departments being surveyed. The combined jurisdictional resident population of surveyed agencies comprised over 71 percent of the state’s total resident population. A total of 127 surveys were completed and returned by law enforcement agencies equating to a 48.3 percent response rate. The combined jurisdictional resident population of responding agencies comprised over 46 percent of the state’s total resident population. Seventy-one counties were represented with at least one responding agency. In 2008, responding agencies indicated that roughly 6 percent of investigations contained a cyber component. Based on a linear projection, there were approximately 26,257 cases statewide containing a cyber component in 2008. This equates to 294.1 cases per 100,000 residents, a rate which is comparable to the rate of aggravated assaults and motor vehicle thefts reported in North Carolina. The three most frequently investigated computer crimes by an average reporting agency were fraud related (79.3%), criminal threatening (8.5%), and online enticement of minors/child pornography (4.9%). Cumulatively, respondents indicated that 198 (26.6%) of 745 investigators have received training, with the average agency reporting that one-third of their investigators had been trained. Fifty-two percent of agencies indicated that investigators had receiving local or inhouse training while 54 percent and 27 percent of agencies indicated training at the state and national levels respectively. Over 85 percent of respondents indicated that their agencies collect computer/electronic evidence during investigation. However, only about two-thirds of these agencies reported having standard protocols established for handling evidence of this nature. The inability to trace and monitor Internet communications and the lack of training were seen as the two largest investigative impediments for crimes with a cyber component. Another substantial concern by law enforcement is the public’s apathy and lack of awareness towards crimes with a cyber component. Respondents were either indifferent or minimally concerned about the lack of standard operating procedures, search warrant issues, jurisdictional issues, lack of information sharing, and lack of technical expertise due to staff turnover. At the time of survey, roughly four out of every 10 agencies actually conducted cyber crime prevention or awareness activities and just over 30 percent were involved in official partnerships with other agencies or private entities to combat cyber crime. Over two-thirds of agencies expressed that they were either totally unprepared or somewhat unprepared in terms of equipment. Similarly, over half of respondents felt unprepared in terms of training and about 60 percent believed they were unprepared in terms of personnel. Law enforcement responded more positively in regards to their coordination with other agencies. Although over one-third of agencies answered neutrally, almost 39 percent of agencies believed they were prepared. Computer-mediated crime was briefly examined as it is one of the newest types of crime involving computers and is likely to expand in coming years. For the purposes of this study, computer-mediated crimes are defined as those traditional types of crime (theft, robbery, rape, assault, etc.) that are furthered either by the use of a computer or electronic device. Many cases were mediated through means of the Internet with crimes ranging from robberies facilitated by Craigslist to statutory rape through meeting over MySpace to burglaries perpetrated after taking virtual tours of rental properties. As a whole, law enforcement slightly agreed that they lack the power to prevent or curtail computer-mediated crime. In fact, half of respondents agreed that they have little power to curtail these types of crime in comparison to only under one-fourth of agencies who disagreed. A much higher level of agreement was measured regarding the expected growth of computer-mediated crime. Overwhelmingly, agencies agreed that their jurisdiction will experience an increase in computer-mediated crime in the next five years. One-half of respondents agreed coupled with an additional one-third who strongly agreed that legislators should enhance penalties for traditional crimes mediated by a computer or electronic device. When surveyed about the adequacy of current North Carolina statutes for prosecuting cyber crime perpetrators, law enforcement responses were most commonly neutral. However, interestingly enough, no respondents strongly agreed and only 19 percent of respondents agreed that current statutes are adequate enough. Lastly, the survey measured opinions on whether introduction of a bill was needed in North Carolina to impede computerrelated victimization. New Jersey State Legislative Bill A2864/S1429 makes it a crime of the third degree if a person attempts, via electronic or any other means, to lure or entice a person into a motor vehicle, structure or isolated area, or to meet or appear at any place, with a purpose to commit a criminal offense with or against the person lured or enticed or against any other person. Over 87 percent of respondents believed introduction of a similar bill is needed in North Carolina. Study findings revealed several areas of concern related to the investigation of computer-related crime. According to remarks, it appears investigators and prosecutors are disconnected when dealing with crimes involving a cyber component. Funding consideration should be given to establish pilot sites for joint training sessions between detectives and prosecutors among neighboring judicial districts across the state. In addition, equipment, training and personnel must all be enhanced in hopes of curtailing cyber crimes including computer-mediated crimes. Details: Raleigh, NC: Governor's Crime Commission, 2010. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 8, 2011 at: http://www.ncgccd.org/pdfs/pubs/cybercrime.pdf Year: 2010 Country: United States URL: http://www.ncgccd.org/pdfs/pubs/cybercrime.pdf Shelf Number: 120890 Keywords: Computer Crimes (North Carolina)Criminal InvestigationCybercrimeInternet Crimes |